Porter Health
Evidence-Based Bibliography
Scientific publications and clinical guidelines supporting Porter Health's clinical recommendations
Development and Validation of the American Heart Association's PREVENT Equations
Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, et al. Circulation. 2024
Updated AHA risk prediction equations for 10-year and 30-year CVD risk
2023 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease
Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al. Circulation. 2023
Clinical practice guidelines incorporating PREVENT into chronic coronary disease management
PREVENT Risk Age Equations and Population Distribution in US Adults
Krishnan V, Yano Y, Vu THT, et al. JAMA Cardiology. 2025
Sex-specific heart age equations from PREVENT for improved patient communication of cardiovascular risk, showing most US adults have hearts older than their chronological age
Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P BMJ. 2017
UK-based cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm estimating 10-year CVD risk, widely used in NHS primary care
A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome
Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, et al. Circulation. 2023
Defines CKM syndrome staging and evidence-based management for each stage
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Circulation. 2023
Comprehensive CKM health framework with prevention strategies across lifespan
2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome
Ndumele CE, Rodriguez F, Dixon DL, et al. Circulation. 2026
The definitive 2026 multi-society clinical practice guideline defining CKM syndrome staging and evidence-based prevention, evaluation, and management across Stages 0–4
Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular Health
Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, et al. Circulation. 2022
AHA's updated cardiovascular health assessment with 8 key metrics including sleep
Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians: A Preventive Framework
Patel N, Narula N, Rana JS, et al. JACC: Asia. 2025
Evidence-based framework for CVD prevention in South Asian populations
Understanding the High Prevalence of Diabetes in U.S. South Asians
Kanaya AM, Kandula N, Herrington D, et al. Diabetes Care. 2014
MASALA study showing higher diabetes risk in South Asians at lower BMI thresholds
Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin
Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. N Engl J Med. 2002
Landmark trial showing 58% diabetes risk reduction with lifestyle changes
Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee Diabetes Care. 2024
ADA comprehensive diabetes screening and management guidelines
Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee Diabetes Care. 2026
Latest ADA standards with enhanced focus on prediabetes prevention and ethnicity-specific risk stratification
2026 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia
Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, Gaudino M, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026
Comprehensive 2026 dyslipidemia guideline replacing 2018 cholesterol guideline; reinstates LDL-C goals, adopts PREVENT equations, adds bempedoic acid/inclisiran, Lp(a) screening for all adults
2018 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol (Superseded by 2026 Dyslipidemia Guideline)
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. Circulation. 2019
Superseded 2018 cholesterol guidelines — see dyslipidemia-2026 for current recommendations
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia
Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al. N Engl J Med. 2019
REDUCE-IT trial showing CV benefit of icosapent ethyl for elevated triglycerides
2025 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
Wozniak G, Khan SU, Levy PD, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025
Latest 2025 hypertension guidelines with CKM integration and lifestyle focus
A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control
SPRINT Research Group N Engl J Med. 2015
SPRINT trial showing benefits of intensive BP control in high-risk patients
KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group Kidney Int. 2024
Latest KDIGO guidelines for CKD classification and kidney-protective therapies
Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. N Engl J Med. 2020
DAPA-CKD trial proving SGLT2i benefits in CKD without diabetes
Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, et al. N Engl J Med. 2020
FIDELIO-DKD showing finerenone benefits for diabetic kidney disease
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. Circulation. 2022
2022 heart failure guidelines emphasizing rapid initiation of 4-pillar therapy
Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. N Engl J Med. 2019
DAPA-HF trial establishing SGLT2i as pillar of heart failure therapy
Angiotensin-Neprilysin Inhibition versus Enalapril in Heart Failure
McMurray JJV, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014
PARADIGM-HF showing superiority of ARNi over ACEi for heart failure
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. N Engl J Med. 2016
SUSTAIN-6 showing CV benefits of semaglutide in diabetes
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes
Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023
SELECT trial proving CV benefits of semaglutide in obesity without diabetes
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. N Engl J Med. 2016
LEADER trial establishing liraglutide CV benefits
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015
EMPA-REG establishing SGLT2i as cardio- and reno-protective
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group N Engl J Med. 2023
EMPA-KIDNEY proving kidney protection with empagliflozin regardless of diabetes
Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. Circulation. 2005
AHA/NHLBI metabolic syndrome definition and diagnostic criteria
Cardiovascular Effects of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes
Wing RR, Bolin P, Brancati FL, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013
Look AHEAD trial showing CV risk factor improvements with intensive lifestyle intervention
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021
STEP trials demonstrating semaglutide efficacy for weight management
High-Dose Atorvastatin after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006
SPARCL trial supporting high-intensity statin after stroke/TIA
Rivaroxaban with or without Aspirin in Stable Cardiovascular Disease
Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017
COMPASS trial showing benefits of rivaroxaban + aspirin in PAD
Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2009
RE-LY trial establishing DOACs as alternative to warfarin for AFib
Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Carnethon MR, Pu J, Howard G, et al. Circulation. 2017
AHA scientific statement on cardiovascular health disparities in African Americans
Status of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States
Rodriguez CJ, Allison M, Daviglus ML, et al. Circulation. 2014
AHA science advisory on cardiovascular health in Hispanic/Latino populations
Appropriate Body-Mass Index for Asian Populations and Its Implications
WHO Expert Consultation Lancet. 2004
WHO expert consultation establishing lower BMI thresholds for Asian populations
Cardiometabolic Health Disparities in Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders
Mau MK, Sinclair K, Saito EP, et al. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009
Study on cardiovascular health disparities and community-based interventions in Pacific Islanders
Call to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities
Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT Cell Metabolism. 2020
Framework for understanding structural racism as root cause of health disparities
Apolipoprotein B Test Guide
Quest Diagnostics Quest Diagnostics Test Directory. 2025
Quest Diagnostics clinical reference for Apolipoprotein B testing and interpretation
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Test Guide
Quest Diagnostics Quest Diagnostics Test Directory. 2025
Quest Diagnostics clinical reference for high-sensitivity CRP testing
Lipoprotein(a) Test Guide
Quest Diagnostics Quest Diagnostics Test Directory. 2025
Quest Diagnostics clinical reference for Lipoprotein(a) testing and interpretation
Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Test Guide
Quest Diagnostics Quest Diagnostics Test Directory. 2025
Quest Diagnostics clinical reference for eGFR and serum creatinine testing
South Asians and cardiometabolic health: A framework for comprehensive care
Rohatgi A, Anand SS, Gadgil M, et al. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2025
Comprehensive framework for South Asian cardiometabolic health with ethnicity-specific thresholds
Comparing coronary artery calcium among U.S. South Asians with four racial/ethnic groups
Kanaya AM, Kandula N, Herrington D, et al. Atherosclerosis. 2014
MASALA study showing CAC prevalence in South Asians
Coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition by CT angiography
Villadsen PR, Petersen SE, Thakker R, et al. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017
Study showing higher non-calcified plaque in South Asians on CCTA
Diabetes screening by race and ethnicity: equivalent BMI thresholds
Aggarwal R, Chiu N, Wadhera RK, et al. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2022
Evidence for BMI ≥20 kg/m² diabetes screening threshold in South Asians
Psychosocial risk factors and cardiovascular disease: INTERHEART
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Lancet. 2004
INTERHEART study showing stress as major MI risk factor
Psychological Health and Cardiovascular Disease: AHA Statement
Levine GN, Cohen BE, Commodore-Mensah Y, et al. Circulation. 2021
AHA statement on psychological health screening and CVD
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. N Engl J Med. 2008
JUPITER trial establishing hsCRP as CVD risk factor and showing statin benefit in elevated hsCRP
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Loucks EB, Schuman-Olivier Z, Britton WB, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015
Evidence for mindfulness-based stress reduction improving cardiovascular risk factors
Should Physical Activity Recommendations for South Asian Adults Be Ethnicity-Specific? Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study
Iliodromiti S, Ghouri N, Celis-Morales CA, et al. PLoS One. 2016
Evidence that South Asians need 200-230+ min/week of exercise for equivalent cardiovascular benefit
Genetic and Genomic Testing in Cardiovascular Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Landstrom AP, Ferguson JF, James CA, et al. Circulation. 2025
AHA policy framework for genetic and genomic testing in cardiovascular disease
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
National Kidney Foundation National Kidney Foundation Patient Education. 2025
National Kidney Foundation patient guide to understanding eGFR and kidney function stages
Genetic Testing for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Musunuru K, Hershberger RE, Day SM, et al. Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine. 2020
AHA scientific statement on genetic testing for inherited cardiovascular conditions
Can You Improve Your eGFR? What the Science Says
National Kidney Foundation National Kidney Foundation News & Stories. 2025
National Kidney Foundation evidence-based recommendations for protecting and improving kidney function
Polygenic Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
O'Sullivan JW, Raghavan S, Marquez-Luna C, et al. Circulation. 2022
AHA scientific statement on polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular disease prevention
A Multi-Ancestry Polygenic Risk Score Improves Risk Prediction for Coronary Artery Disease
Patel AP, Wang M, Ruan Y, et al. Nature Medicine. 2023
Multi-ancestry polygenic risk score for CAD with improved accuracy across diverse populations
Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention
El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, et al. Circulation. 2020
AHA statement on menopause transition as critical window for cardiovascular prevention
Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN): Overview and Baseline Characteristics
Sowers MR, Crawford SL, Sternfeld B, et al. Menopause. 2009
SWAN: landmark longitudinal study documenting health changes during menopause transition
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, et al. Lancet. 2009
Bellamy meta-analysis: 7x increased diabetes risk after gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease
Vikse BE, Irgens LM, Leivestad T, et al. N Engl J Med. 2008
Preeclampsia increases long-term CVD and chronic kidney disease risk
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk
Moran LJ, Misso ML, Wild RA, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017
PCOS associated with insulin resistance and elevated cardiometabolic risk
Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. JAMA. 2002
WHI findings on hormone replacement therapy timing and cardiovascular effects
Lipid Changes During the Menopause Transition
Derby CA, Crawford SL, Pasternak RC, et al. Menopause. 2009
SWAN data showing significant lipid changes specifically during menopause transition
Age at Menopause and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Muka T, Oliver-Williams C, Kunutsor S, et al. JAMA Cardiol. 2016
Meta-analysis showing early menopause significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk
Sex and Gender Differences in Chronic Kidney Disease
Carrero JJ, Hecking M, Chesnaye NC, et al. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018
Review of sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease epidemiology and outcomes
Resistance Training and Metabolic Health in Women
Strasser B, Siebert U, Schobersberger W Diabetologia. 2010
Meta-analysis showing resistance training benefits for metabolic health in women
Muscle Mass and Metabolic Health in Postmenopausal Women
Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011
Study showing inverse relationship between muscle mass and insulin resistance in women
Blood Pressure Changes During the Menopause Transition
Moreau KL, Hildreth KL, Meditz AL, et al. Hypertension. 2012
Study documenting blood pressure increases and endothelial dysfunction during perimenopause
Kidney Failure Risk Factor: Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
National Kidney Foundation National Kidney Foundation Patient Education. 2025
National Kidney Foundation guide to UACR testing and combined eGFR-UACR risk stratification for CKD diagnosis
Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary Heart Disease
Anderson L, Thompson DR, Oldridge N, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016
Cochrane systematic review demonstrating mortality and morbidity benefits of cardiac rehabilitation
2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, et al. Circulation. 2024
Comprehensive guideline for diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation
2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Stroke. 2018
AHA/ASA guideline for emergency management of acute ischemic stroke
A Multisociety Delphi Consensus Statement on New Fatty Liver Disease Nomenclature
Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. J Hepatol. 2023
Multisociety consensus establishing new nomenclature for fatty liver disease (MASLD/MASH)
2024 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS Guideline for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Gornik HL, Aronow HD, Goodney PP, et al. Circulation. 2024
Comprehensive guideline for diagnosis and management of lower extremity peripheral artery disease
Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Utility of Sequencing Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genes in Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Khera AV, Won HH, Peloso GM, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016
Study demonstrating diagnostic yield of genetic sequencing for familial hypercholesterolemia
The Agenda for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Gidding SS, Champagne MA, de Ferranti SD, et al. Circulation. 2015
AHA scientific statement outlining agenda for improving FH detection and treatment
AASLD Practice Guidance on the Clinical Assessment and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. Hepatology. 2023
AASLD practice guidance for clinical assessment and management of NAFLD/MASLD
Mechanisms and Disease Consequences of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Loomba R, Friedman SL, Shulman GI Cell. 2021
Comprehensive Cell review of NAFLD mechanisms and disease consequences
2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, et al. Circulation. 2025
2025 comprehensive guideline for high blood pressure management from major medical societies
Use of Risk Assessment Tools to Guide Decision-Making in the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Lloyd-Jones DM, Braun LT, Ndumele CE, et al. Circulation. 2019
AHA/ACC special report on using risk tools for primary prevention decision-making
Clinical Application of C-Reactive Protein for Cardiovascular Disease Detection and Prevention
Ridker PM Circulation. 2003
Landmark paper on clinical applications of CRP for cardiovascular risk assessment
Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice
Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, et al. Circulation. 2003
CDC/AHA statement on clinical application of inflammatory markers for CVD risk
2016 SCCT/STR Guidelines for Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring of Noncontrast Noncardiac Chest CT Scans
Hecht HS, Cronin P, Blaha MJ, et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. 2017
SCCT/STR guidelines for coronary calcium scoring on chest CT scans
CAD-RADS 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System
Cury RC, Leipsic J, Abbara S, et al. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022
Updated CAD-RADS 2.0 standardized reporting system for coronary CT angiography
Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology
Thomas RJ, Beatty AL, Beckie TM, et al. Circulation. 2019
Scientific statement on home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs
2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. Circulation. 2013
ACCF/AHA guideline for management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018
Landmark PREDIMED trial showing Mediterranean diet reduces cardiovascular events
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997
Original DASH trial demonstrating dietary pattern effects on blood pressure
2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, et al. Circulation. 2021
AHA 2021 dietary guidance with 10 principles for heart-healthy eating patterns
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, et al. JAMA. 2018
Second edition of US Physical Activity Guidelines based on comprehensive evidence review
World Health Organization 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour
Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020
WHO 2020 global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior
Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review
Gottlieb DJ, Punjabi NM JAMA. 2020
JAMA review on diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea
Behavioral and Psychological Treatments for Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline
Edinger JD, Arnedt JT, Bertisch SM, et al. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2021
AASM guideline on behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia
Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, et al. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2014
Systematic review showing meditation programs reduce psychological stress
Effects of Stress on the Development and Progression of Cardiovascular Disease
Kivimäki M, Steptoe A Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2018
Nature Reviews Cardiology review on stress effects on cardiovascular disease
2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. Circulation. 2014
AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for management of overweight and obesity in adults
Appropriate Body-Mass Index for Asian Populations and Its Implications for Policy and Intervention Strategies
WHO Expert Consultation Lancet. 2004
WHO expert consultation on lower BMI thresholds for Asian populations
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022
SURMOUNT-1 trial showing tirzepatide produces substantial weight loss in obesity
2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: Lipid Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. European Heart Journal. 2020
ESC/EAS 2019 guidelines for dyslipidemia management and cardiovascular risk reduction
2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. Circulation. 2019
ACC/AHA 2019 comprehensive guideline on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease covering diet, exercise, sleep, weight, tobacco, blood pressure, aspirin, and statin therapy
2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Nonstatin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering
Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2022
ACC 2022 expert consensus on nonstatin therapies for LDL cholesterol lowering
2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia
Virani SS, Morris PB, Agarwala A, et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021
ACC 2021 expert consensus on ASCVD risk reduction with hypertriglyceridemia
Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Berglund L, Brunzell JD, Goldberg AC, et al. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012
Endocrine Society guideline for evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia
The Inherited Basis of Coronary Artery Disease
Schunkert H, Natarajan P, Samani NJ. New England Journal of Medicine. 2026
Comprehensive NEJM review of monogenic and polygenic inherited risk for coronary artery disease, including PRS clinical applications and limitations